• Home
• About GeneWatch
• GM Crops and Food
• GM animals
  • GM and Cloned Mammals
  • GM fish
  • GM insects
  • GM Birds
  • European consultation on GM animals
• New Genetic Engineering Techniques
• Human Genetics
• Laboratory and Industrial Use
• Research Agendas and Patenting
• Trade issues
• Biological Weapons
• Publications
• Press Releases

You are in GM animals → GM fish

GM fish

The reproductive biology of fish is much simpler than that of mammals, so they are easier to genetically modify. Scientists have genetically modified about 35 different species of fish in the laboratory.

A genetically modified (GM) fluorescent zebra fish is being marketed as a pet in the USA, but currently there is no commercial production of GM fish as food. The company AquaBounty received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market GM Atlantic salmon in the US, but this approval was declared unlawful by a Federal Court in 2020.

The GM salmon includes a growth hormone gene from Chinook salmon (native to the North Pacific) and an anti-freeze protein gene from the ocean pout (native to the North West Atlantic). As a result, the transgenic fish produces growth hormone all year (rather than just during the warmer months) and reaches maturity faster than non-GM salmon.

There are concerns about the impact of GM salmon on wild salmon should it escape into rivers or the Atlantic ocean, because it could out-compete wild salmon for food, or breed with them producing offspring that may be less fit to survive. This could have serious negative effects on declining or endangered wild salmon populations. Although the eggs AquaBounty plans to produce will be all female and treated to produce sterile adult fish, this process is only up to 95-99% effective.

Resources

• Press releases
  • GeneWatch UK PR: Genetically Modified (GM) salmon company fined for environmental violations in Panama 29th October 2014
  • GeneWatch UK PR: GM salmon: flaws exposed in environmental oversight at Panama facility 21st November 2013
• Consultation Responses
  • GeneWatch UK submission to the FDA consultation on Aquabounty's GM salmon 25th April 2013
• Press articles
  • Courthouse News Service: Federal Judge Mulls Genetically Modified Salmon (25th August 2020)

  • The New Food Economy: GM salmon leaps another legal hurdle. Next up: Another legal hurdle (13th January 2020)

  • The New Food Economy: AquAdvantage, the first GM salmon, is coming to America (11th March 2019)

  • Maclean's: Canadians ate 4.5 tonnes of unlabelled GM salmon without knowing it this past year (5th June 2018)

  • Star Press: FDA OKs first U.S. genetically engineered salmon facility, at Albany (26th April 2018)

  • SeafoodSource: AquaBounty acknowledges struggles with profitability despite moving GM salmon to market (13th November 2017)

  • Quartz: The rollout of the first genetically modified food animal is being bungled (6th October 2017)

  • China Daily: New carp species to extend scale of GM produce (14th September 2017)

  • The Guardian: GM salmon hits shelves in Canada - but people may not know they're buying it (9th August 2017)

  • Nature: First genetically engineered salmon sold in Canada (4th August 2017)

  • Washington Post: GMO salmon caught in U.S. regulatory net, but Canadians have eaten 5 tons (4th August 2017)

  • The Star: About 4.5 tonnes of GMO salmon consumed in Canada so far, company says (4th August 2017)

  • FISHupdate: Funding moves GM salmon closer to market (19th January 2017)

  • FIS: Court of Appeal upholds GM salmon approval (25th October 2016)

  • Indian Country Today: 'Frankenfish' Lawsuit on GMO Salmon Heads to Court on Election Day (14th October 2016)

  • FoodBev Media: Health Canada's approval of GMO salmon denounced (20th May 2016)

  • The Scientist: GM Salmon Approved in Canada (23rd May 2016)

  • CTV News: Genetically-modified fish could cause 'consumer confusion' (21st May 2016)

  • The Chronicle Herald: Nova Scotia says no to genetically modified fish (20th May 2016)

  • Global Justice Ecology Project: Intrexon Stocks Fall - Exposed for Being a Sham of a Corporation (26th April 2016)

  • CBC: AquaBounty, GMO salmon producer, applies to expand production on P.E.I. (11th April 2016)

  • Ecowatch: What Will Happen When Genetically Engineered Salmon Escape Into the Wild? (10th April 2016)

  • Reuters: U.S. environmental groups sue to overturn GMO salmon approval (31st March 2016)

  • Alaska Journal of Commerce: New GE salmon labeling bill requires third party review (3rd March 2016)

  • Alaska Dispatch News: Murkowski drops bid to block FDA nominee over genetically modified salmon (15th February 2016)

  • The Hill: Advocates win labels for GMO 'frankenfish' (16th December 2015)

  • CL Charlotte: Too fishy not to label? (16th December 2015)

  • New York Times: Tell Consumers What They Are Eating (1st December 2015)

  • FIS: US Senator devises steps to fight back against FDA's GE salmon approval (26th November 2015)

  • Nature: Salmon approval heralds rethink of transgenic animals (23rd November 2015)

  • Washington Post: If the GMO salmon is as good as its maker says, why not label it? (19th November 2015)

  • Mother Jones: The First GMO Animal Was Just Approved. But You Probably Won’t be Eating It Anytime Soon (19th November 2015)

  • New York Times: Genetically Engineered Salmon Approved for Consumption (19th November 2015)

  • The Independent: Genetically engineered salmon are heading to supermarket shelves despite environmentalists' fears that fish could escape and wreak havoc (19th November 2015)

  • The Guardian: FDA approves genetically modified salmon in agency first (19th November 2015)

  • The Guardian: Canada sued over approval of genetically modified salmon scheme (17th Novmber 2015)

  • CTV: Environmental groups to argue approval of GM salmon eggs should be overturned (16th November 2015)

  • Digital Journal: Approval of GM salmon eggs will be challenged in Canadian court (15th November 2015)

  • Chronicle Herald: P.E.I. firm’s GM salmon could spawn eco-disaster (30 October 2015)

  • Wired: Intrexon's Billionaire CEO Is Betting on the Most Controversial GMOs (11th October 2015)

  • Nature: Caution urged over editing DNA in wildlife (intentionally or not) (4th August 2015)

  • Manufacturing Business Technology: Study Aims To Predict Environmental Impact Of GMO Salmon (26th June 2015)

  • London South East: Aqua Bounty Raises USD3 Million In Subscription With Intrexon (ALLISS) (25th June 2015)

  • KIRO Seattle: Protesters urge Costco not to sell genetically modified salmon (25th June 2015)

  • Grist: Farmed fish are breaking out of their pens at an alarming rate (25th June 2015)

  • Food Dive: What GMO salmon could mean for the seafood industry (25th June 2015)

  • NPR: Genetically Modified Salmon: Coming To A River Near You? (24th June 2015)

  • FIS: Despite the losses, AquaBounty, bets in its biotechnology products (27th February 2015)

  • Alliance News: AquaBounty Reports Wider Loss, Still Awaiting Approval For AquAdvantage (25th February 2015)

  • Undercurrent News: Aquabounty plans H1 fundraising on back of expected approval of GM farmed salmon (25th February 2015)

  • FIS: Congressmen introduce bills to ban GE salmon (23rd January 2015)

  • Undercurrent News: Aquabounty taking steps to achieve listing on Nasdaq (3rd December 2014)

  • Planeta Sustentavel: Fabrica de insetos (19th November 2014)

  • Food World News: GM Salmon Company Pending Approval By FDA, Scrutinized More Over Regulatory Failures (3rd November 2014)

  • Independent European Daily Express: Panama Regulators Could Slow U.S. Approval of GM Salmon (29th October 2014)

  • The Guardian: GM salmon company Aquabounty fined by Panama (29th October 2014)

  • eNews Park Forest: AquaBounty Fined for Repeated Environmental Violations on Genetically Engineered Salmon (28th October 2014)

  • The Press Democrat: Gov. Brown signs bill banning commercial production of genetically modified salmon (29th September 2014)

  • Food Navigator: AquaBounty posts USD3.5m loss in first half, says 'no scientific reason' why FDA shouldn't give GE salmon the green light (15th August 2014)

  • Business Insider: This Salmon Will Likely Be The First Genetically Modified Animal You Eat (25th July 2014)

  • The Star: Should we fear this fish? (17th June 2014)

  • The Vancouver Sun: Salmon genome opens door to better farm fish, without genetic engineering (12th June 2014)

  • Politico: Concerns over GE salmon brought to SEC (5th June 2014)

  • UnderCurrentNews: Intrexon director steps down from Aquabounty role (2nd June 2014)

  • Anchorage Daily News: Laine Welch: Murkowski blasts genetically modified salmon (1st June 2014)

  • The Scientist: Opinion: Sizing Up GM Salmon (1st June 2014)

  • The Scientist: Opinion: GM Salmon: Just the Beginning (1st June 2014)

  • The Epoch Times: GM Salmon Threaten Already-Declining Fish Populations (29th May 2014)

  • Food Poisoning Bulletin: Senate Amendment Requires Mandatory Labeling of GE Salmon (28th May 2014)

  • Bloomberg: Why Won't the Government Let You Eat Superfish? (22nd May 2014)

  • CBSNews: Genetically modified fish spark debate (13th May 2014)

  • Independent Science News: What Will the World Inherit From GE Salmon? (12th May 2014)

  • The Coast: The making of Atlantic salmon (17th April 2014)

  • AP: Genetically engineered fish or meat may be a tough sell for already wary consumers (3rd April 2014)

  • Vancouver Sun: Feds accused of shielding public info after not publishing environmental waivers (2nd April 2014)

  • Supermarket News: GE fish is losing the PR war (1st April 2014)

  • Undercurrent News: GM salmon firm Aquabounty seeks to list on Nasdaq as losses rack up (21st Maarch 2014)

  • Alliance News: AquaBounty Techonologies Loss Widens As It Awaits FDA Approval (21st March 2014)

  • The Hill: Groups press Costco to reject 'Frankenfish' (18th March 2014)

  • Reuters: U.S. still weighing if genetically altered fish is safe: FDA Chief (17th March 2014)

  • Medical Daily: Is America Ready For Genetically Modified Fish? FDA Considers AquAdvantage Salmon (16th March 2014)

  • KTOO: While FDA Mulls Genetically Modified Salmon, Supermarkets Back Away (14th March 2014)

  • Calgary Herald: U.S. company applies to sell genetically modified salmon in Canada (11th March 2014)

  • Food Poisoning Bulletin: Kroger, Safeway Pledge No Genetically Engineered Salmon (4th March 2014)

  • LA Times: U.S. stores say no to genetically engineered salmon. Someone has to. (3rd March 2014)

  • King's County Advertiser: GMO salmon a concern (6th February 2014)

  • Food Navigator: AquaBounty: Lawsuit just another attempt to delay commercialization of GE salmon (21st January 2014)

  • Grist: Canada sued over approval of "toxic" GMO salmon (21st January 2014)

  • The Province: Environment groups sue to stop production of genetically modified salmon eggs (20th January 2014)

  • Food Poisoning Bulletin: Groups Sue Canadian Government Over GE Salmon (20th January 2014)

  • FIS: GMO labelling battle restarts (20th January 2014)

  • Star Tribune: GMO labeling debate shifts to Olympia; bill would label genetically engineered salmon (17th January 2014)

  • Global News: Halifax environmental group files lawsuit against federal government (20th January 2014)

  • Chronicle Herald: Feds face salmon egg lawsuit (20th January 2014)

  • KUOW.org: Genetically-Modified Labeling Fight In Washington Continues With New Bills (17th January 2014)

  • CBC News: Lack of GMO salmon egg export limit puzzles scientists (16th December 2013)

  • Roll Call: Will FDA Salmon Ruling Lead to Labeling Law? (16th December 2013)

  • KTOO: FDA To Announce Decision On Genetically Modified Salmon (10th December 2013)

  • APRN: FDA To Announce Decision On Genetically Modified Salmon (9th December 2013)

  • Daily Mail: How long before YOU are eating frankenfish: It grows at terrifying speed and could wipe out other species. The GM super salmon muscling its way onto your plate (2nd December 2013)

  • CBC: GMO salmon firm clears one hurdle but still waits for key OKs (27th November 2013)

  • Daily Mail: Would you eat a 'Frankenfish'? GM salmon that grows TWICE as fast as its natural counterpart gets production go-ahead (26th November 2013)

  • The Guardian: Canada approves production of GM salmon eggs on commercial scale (25th November 2013)

  • Anchorage Daily News: Alan Boraas: Alaska should ban Frankenfish (25th October 2013)

  • The Telegraph: 'Frankenfish' coming to a supermarket near you as campaigners warn against GM salmon (21st October 2013)

  • Washington Post: A new method against genetically modified salmon: Get retailers to refuse to sell it (20th October 2013)

  • Mint Press News: Do You Know Where Your Seafood Comes From? (18th October 2013)

  • Al Jazeera America: Investigating the real science behind genetically-modified salmon (25th August 2013)

  • The Cordova Times: New legislation takes aim at 'Frankenfish' (2nd August 2013)

  • Undercurrentnews: Land-based salmon farm to seek out investors across US (12th June 2013)

  • Smart Planet: Food of the future: can 'Frankenfish' survive politics? (15th July 2013)

  • FIS: AquaBounty CEO 'disappointed' by another setback (28th June 2013)

  • Billings Gazette: Tester sees progress in genetically modified food labeling (28th June 2013)

  • FoodNavigator: AquaBounty CEO: We continue to battle to communicate the reality of our product...Sen Murkowski should know better (25th June 2013)

  • The Independent: Warning over GM fish: hybrid salmon can breed with wild species and harm ecosystem (31st May 2013)

  • BBC: GM salmon can breed with wild fish and pass on genes (29th May 2013)

  • The PEI Guardian: Data on safety of P.E.I. salmon not there, warns expert (15th May 2013)

  • Huffington Post: Catch of the Day: Transgenic Salmon? Not So Fast (6th May 2013)

  • Nature: Transgenic salmon nears approval (1st May 2013)

  • Agra Net: GE salmon opponents warn of possible egg sales to U.S. customers (30th April 2013)

  • The Guardian: GM salmon's global HQ - 1,500m high in the Panamanian rainforest (24th April 2013)

  • Reuters: Genetically engineered salmon company expects U.S. regulatory OK in 2013 (23rd April 2013)

  • KTVA: Senate Passes Resolution Opposing Frankenfish (25th March 2013)

  • Chicago Tribune: Whole Foods, others to shun genetically modified seafood (20th March 2013)

  • Oregon Live: Oregon could ban genetically engineered fish, require labeling of genetically modified foods (18th March 2013)

  • Phys.org: Activists fight FDA approval of AquaBounty's genetically engineered salmon (6th March 2013)

  • Sky: Anti GM-Salmon Petition Nears One Million (27th February 2013)

  • Globe Newswire: Intrexon and AquaBounty to Collaborate on Leveraging Synthetic Biology to Increase Productivity Across the Aquaculture Arena (15th February 2013)

  • CBS New York: Genetically-Modified Salmon May Be Coming - With No Identifying Labels (4th February 2013)

  • Anchorage Press: State house introduces anti-GE salmon resolution (31st January 2013)

  • UpdatedNews: Genetically modified Salmon could soon be on your plate (22nd January 2013)

  • Monterey County Weekly: Genetically modified super salmon tries to swim through a hole in the regulatory net (17th January 2013)

  • Newsroom Panama: GM salmon eggs coming to Panama (17th December 2013)

  • Voxy.co.nz: Approval of GE salmon 'a concern for NZ' (10th January 2013)

  • Missoula Independent: Flash in the pan (10th January 2013)

  • Food Navigator: AquaBounty Technologies CEO: Opponents have 'consistently and intentionally misrepresented the facts' on GMOs (9th January 2013)

    Reports the view of Ron Stotish, AquaBounty's CEO.

  • Boston Herald: Fishing for compliance (2nd January 2013)

  • The Northern Times: Call to oppose US approval of GM salmon (28th December 2012)

  • Food Poisoning Bulletin: FDA Moves Toward Approval of Genetically Engineered Salmon (26th December 2012)

  • The Telegraph: Super-salmon that are genetically modified to grow twice as fast a step closer to our dining table (24th December 2012)

  • The Independent: This GM breakthrough could be the first of many (24th December 2012)

  • The Independent: Ready to eat: the first GM fish for the dinner table (24th December 2012)

  • Daily Mail: GM fish set for supermarket shelves after U.S. watchdog rules 'Frankenfish' is safe for environment (24th December 2012)

  • Food Consumer: More worries over fast-growing genetically modified salmon (233rd December 2012)

  • Spokesman: Trout Unlimited wary of genetically engineered salmon (23rd December 2012)

  • Grist: The apocalypse is here: FDA clears way for fast-growing GM monster salmon (

  • KTUU.com: Alaska Delegation Fillets GM Salmon Report (21st December 2012)

  • Yahoo News: Consumers Union Says FDA Assessment of GE Salmon Is Flawed and Inadequate (21st December 2012)

  • Reuters: FDA moves closer to approval of GMO fish, critics outraged (21st December 2012)

  • Slate: Is the White House Interfering With a Scientific Review? (19th December 2012)

  • FT: Intrexon bids for the rest of AquaBounty (8th December 2012)

  • Food Consumer: Is the fast growing AquAdvantage salmon safe to eat? (6th December 2012)

  • Bloomberg: Fast-growing fish may never wind up on your plate (4th December 2012)

  • ABC: AquaBounty Hoping to Serve DNA-Altered Salmon on US Plates (4th December 2012)

  • The Economist: Fish farming: High-tech breeders (3rd November 2012)

    Reports high-tech non-GM approaches to fish breeding.

  • Globe Newswire: Intrexon to Acquire 48% Stake in AquaBounty Technologies (31st October 2012)

  • EcoWatch: Do You Want to Eat Genetically Engineered Salmon? (5th October 2012)

  • U-T San Diego: FDA roadblock over modified salmon could sink company (13th August 2012)

  • ABC: Carp wars (22nd July 2012)

    GM carp, intended to be used as a biological control measure to crash the population of wild carp, loses funding in Australia.

  • Daily Mail: 'Frankenstein' meat could get go-ahead in EU: Safety fears over the use of GM animals (14th July 2012)

  • Outside: The Genetically Engineered Salmon That Could Soon Run Wild (6th June 2012)

  • FIS: AquaBounty still confident its transgenic salmon will be approved (4th June 2012)

  • CBC News: Georgian businessman invests $8M in GMO salmon firm (29th May 2012)

  • fishnewseu.com: Frankenfish still possible (25th May 2012)

  • Alaska Native News: "Frankenfish" May Encounter Another Roadblock (17th May 2012)

  • Boston Globe: Caught in troubled waters (20th February 2012)

  • Fox News: Consumers want tougher FDA probe of engineered salmon (8th February 2012)

  • International Business Times: Genetically Modified Salmon: What is it and is it Safe? (8th February 2012)

  • FIS: Consumer groups petition FDA to classify transgenic fish as food additive (8th February 2012)

  • California Progress Report: Bill to label GE fish fails in California legislature (25th January 2012)

  • KeysNet.com: Release of genetically altered mosquitoes delayed (4th January 2012)

  • Nanaimo Daily News: U.S. OK could see GE fish enter Canadian food supply chain (4th January 2012)

  • NPR: Biotech Firms Caught In Regulatory No Man's Land (2nd January 2012)

  • Juneau Empire: Canada wraps up 3-day commission on salmon virus (1st January 2012)

    Reports that an email that surfaced during the hearings revealed AquaBounty's Prince Edward Island facility in eastern Canada may have tested positive for Infectious Salmon Anemia virus, or ISAv in 2009. AquaBounty is the maker of AquAdvantage genetically engineered salmon.

  • The Cordova Times: More concern voiced on genetically engineered fish (23rd December 2011)

  • Times-Standard: Government should not be subsidizing GE salmon (21st December 2011)

  • Food Navigator USA: Responsible approach to GM fish is to assume escape: Committee hearing (19th December 2011)

  • Take Part: The Battle Over Frankenfish Heads to Congress (13th December 2011)

  • NPR: Debating Genetically Modified Salmon (9th December 2011)

  • PressDemocrat: GUEST OPINION: Halting federal funding of GE salmon (5th December 2011)

  • Guardian: Obama administration 'bailed out' GM salmon firm (18th October 2011)

  • Vancouver Sun: Safety of wild fish stocks questioned if GE salmon eggs hatchery gets OK (16th October 2011)

  • TPM: FDA Decision Will Lead To First Ever Genetically-Modified Animal For Consumption (10th October 2011)

  • Montreal Gazette: Tolerance for Frankenfish is falling: survey (5th October 2011)

  • FishUpdate.com: New US Congressional bid to halt GM salmon (13th September 2011)

  • The Guardian: Congress members seek to block approval of GM salmon (12 September 2011)

  • Fairbanks Daily News: Murkowski to push ban on 'frankenfish' (8th September 2011)

  • Science Daily: U.S. Government Urged to Rule On Consumption of Genetically Engineered Salmon (5th August 2011)

  • Food Safety News: Congress, Public Not Fooled by Engineered Salmon (2nd August 2011)

  • LA Times: FDA faces opposition over genetically engineered salmon (31st July 2011)

  • Food Safety News: Big Salmon Says Science Is On Its Side (28th July 2011)

  • Food Safety News: Lawmakers Tell FDA to Back Off on GE Salmon (18th July 2011)

  • Time: Frankenfish: Is GM Salmon a Vital Part of Our Future? (11th July 2011)

  • Grist: Genetically engineered salmon's fishy promises (5th June 2011)

  • Law.com: A Biotech Fish Story (25th May 2011)

  • Food Navigator USA: California Assembly votes to label GM fish (10th May 2011)

  • Vancouver Sun: Fish Fight (23rd April 2011)

  • Reuters: Europe scorns "supersalmon" as GM battle widens (22nd April 2011)

  • Montreal Gazette: Genetically engineered fish could pose threat to wild stocks: DFO scientists (2nd February 2011)

  • National Journal: Mark Begich's Salmon Run (17th February 2011)

  • CBC: Genetically modified fish lawsuit threatened (20th December 2010)

  • LA Times: Foes of GE salmon raise specter of 'Trojan gene' effect (26th November 2010)

  • CBC News: GM salmon analysis a secret, groups complain (22nd November 2010)

  • Truthout: Ban on Genetically Modified Salmon Proposed in Senate Despite Powerful Biotech Lobby (19th November 2010)

  • EIN News: Genetically Engineered Salmon Plan Hit By Large Coalition of Critics (19th November 2010)

  • CounterPunch: Here Come the FrankenSalmon (19 November 2010)

  • CheckBiotech: Duke Analysts: FDA's transgenic salmon review too narrow (18th November 2010)

  • CommonDreams.org: Biotechnology Industry Spends Over Half a Billion Pushing Controversial Projects like Genetically Engineered (GE) Food Animals (17th November 2010)

  • Grist: What the FDA doesn't want you to know about GE salmon (12th November 2010)

  • Food Safety News: Supersalmon: are they safe to eat? (9th November 2010)

  • The Hill: Do not satiate appetite for salmon with GE products (26th October 2010)

  • Macleans: Green eggs and ham (21st October 2010)

  • The Hufington Post: Why Genetically Modified Salmon Affects My Rights as a Citizen (19th October 2010)

  • Frederick News Post: Local minds made up over genetically modified salmon (16th October 2010)

  • FishUpdate.com: Fierce debate opens up on GM salmon (14th October 2010)

  • New York Times: Modified-Salmon Fight Showcases Risks, Rewards of Engineering Wild Species (7th October 2010)

  • The Bioscience Resource Project: The AquaBounty Salmon: Will the World's First Commercial GE Animal Be an Albatross? (6th October 2010)

  • Fish & Information Services: production of GM salmon set to begin (5th October 2010)

  • Fairbanks Daily News Miner: Genetically modified salmon concerns Interior Alaska lawmakers (4th October 2010)

  • FoodQualityNews.com: GM salmon assessment 'inappropriate', say Senators (30th September 2010)

  • The Observer: GM food battle moves to fish as super-salmon nears US approval (26th September 2010)

  • Washington Post: Fears over modified salmon voiced (21st September 2010)

  • Medical News Today: We need more research on genetically altered salmon says FDA advisory panel (21st September 2010)

  • Fish and Information Services: Experts urge to delay approving GM salmon (21st September 2010)

  • Puget Sound Business Journal: Seattle salmon farmers oppose frankenfish (20th September 2010)

  • Reuters: Biotech salmon leaves many questions (20th September 2010)

  • ABC News: Surprise: FDA says scientific data on genetically altered salmon is unsatisfactory (20th September 2010)

  • Anchorage Daily News: Alaskans line up against genetically engineered Atlantic salmon (10th September 2010)

  • CBC News: Genetically modified salmon safe, FDA says (10th September 2010)

  • Alaska Public Radio Network: "Frankenfish" scare Alaska salmon harvesters (9th September 2010)

  • KMTR.com: Charleston fishermen opposed to genetically modified salmon

  • The Independent: Fast growing salmon cleared as fit for human consumption in US (6th September 2010)

  • Fish Information & Services: Aqua Bounty speaks out on GM salmon (14th January 2010)

  • Fish Information & Services: Genetically modified salmon condemned (11th January 2010)

• External links
  • Center for Food Safety: Federal Court Declares Genetically Engineered Salmon Unlawful (5th November 2020)

  • FoE: Largest U.S. Retailers Reject Genetically Engineered Salmon Ahead of Potential First U.S. Sales (1st September 2020)

  • CBAN: GE Fish

  • SeekingAlpha: Intrexon: The Public Markets' Theranos, Parts 2-8 (27th April 2016)

  • Center for Food Safety: Lawsuit Challenges FDA's Approval of Genetically Engineered Salmon (31st March 2016)

  • FDA: FDA takes several actions involving genetically engineered plants and animals for food (19th November 2015)

  • AquaBounty Technologies ("AquaBounty Technologies: Preliminary Results for the year ended 31 December 2014 and Notification of AGM (25th February 2015)

    Reports that during the 2014/15, Aquabounty expanded its international commercial efforts with the commencement of the process to gain approval for the importation of its GM salmon eggs for local field trials in Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and China (in addition to its current site in Panama).

  • EcoJustice: Environmental groups take federal government to court for permitting manufacture of genetically modified salmon in Canada (20th January 2014)

  • Canada Gazette: Significant New Activity Notice No. 16528 (23rd November 2013)

    Approval for commercial production of AquaBounty's GM salmon eggs on Prince Edward Island.

  • Fisheries and Oceans Canada: SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDIRECT HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF AQUADVANTAGE SALMON (23rd November 2013)

  • Food and Water Watch: GE Salmon Growing in the Dark in South Dakota (25th October 2013)

  • Food&WaterWatch: Response to FDA consultation on AquaBounty's GM salmon (26th April 2013)

  • PR Watch: FDA Ready to Approve Frankenfish Despite Fishy Science (19th March 2013)

  • Norwegian Develoment Fund: Genetically Engineered Salmon Fast-Growing Hype (30th January 2013)

  • Norwegian Development Fund: Genetically modified salmon - a fast growing hype (29th January 2013)

  • Center for Food Safety: Obama Administration Snubs Risks, Moves Forward With GE Salmon Approval (21st December 2012)

  • Friends of the Earth: "Fatally flawed" FDA assessment to unleash genetically engineered salmon (21st December 2012)

  • Friends of the Earth Press Release: Major U.S. Environmental Groups Call for Full Environmental Review of Genetically Engineered Salmon (8th November 2010)

  • Letter to FDA from US environmental groups (8th November 2010)

  • Center for Food Safety (US): GM fish

  • Canadian Biotechnology Action Network: Biotech gets fishy with GM salmon (October 2010)

  • Alaska legislators letter to FDA (1st October)

    Legislators in Alaska warn the FDA that "There is a very real fear that genetically modified salmon could wreak havoc on populations of wild salmon". They are also concerned about potential negative effects on the Alaskan economy, potential risks to public health and lack of rigorous scientific scrutiny.

  • Oslo & Paris Convention (OSPAR): Background document for Atlantic salmon (2010)

  • ICSF Report: Aquaculture and its genetic resources (December 2009)

    Includes sections on GM fish.

  • Le Curieux-Belfond et al. (2008) Factors to consider before production and commercialization of aquatic genetically modified organisms

  • North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation (NASCO): Williamsburg Declaration

    NASCO states: "In view of the current lack of scientific knowledge on the impact of transgenic salmonids on wild salmon stocks, the use of transgenic salmonids should be considered a high-risk activity. There should be a strong presumption against any such use".

  • Dunham (2004) Status of genetically modified (transgenic) fish

  • WWF: The status of wild Atlantic salmon: a river-by-river assessment (May 2001)

• FDA documents
  • FDA: Genetically engineered salmon

    Includes links to all FDA documents, including the consultation on the draft environmental assessment.

  • US Consumers Union: Labeling of Food Made for AquAdvantage Salmon (21st September 2010)

  • FDA: Public meetings on genetically engineered Atlantic salmon (September 19-21, 2010)

    Includes links to public documents.

  • US Consumers Union: Comments to FDA (16th September 2010)

  • AquaBounty: Environmental Assessment for AquAdvantage Salmon (25th August 2010)

↑ Top

Resources

• Press releases
• Consultation Responses
• Press articles
• External links
• FDA documents