The following enzymes are all made by bacteria which have been genetically modified. They are produced in large vats in factories. Because most of these are defined as 'processing aids' by the EU they do not appear on ingredients listings. This has also meant they are not included in the EU's GM food labelling rules.
Source: Association of Manufacturers of Fermentation Enzyme Products.
Key: Bake = Bakery; Bevr = Beverages (soft drinks, beer, wine); Cheese = cheese; Diet = Dietary food; Egg = egg; Fats = fats & oils; Fish = fish; Meat = meat; Sald = salads; Stch = cereal and starch; Sugr = sugar and honey.
| ENZYME | HOST ORGANISM | DONOR ORGANISM | MAIN APPLICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Bevr |
| alpha-amylase | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Stch, Bevrs |
| Bacillus lichenformis | Bacillus sp | Stch, Frut, Bevr, Sugr, Bake | |
| Catalase | Aspergillus niger | Aspergillus sp | Milk, Egg |
| Chymosin | Aspergillus niger var. awamori | Calf stomach | Cheese |
| Kluyveromyces lactis | Calf stomach | Cheese | |
| Cyclodextrin-glucosyl transferase | Bacillus lichenformis | Thermoanbacter sp | Stch |
| Beta-glucanase | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Stch, Bevr |
| Tricoderma reesei or longibrachiatum | Trichoderma sp | Stch, Diet | |
| Glucose isomerase | Streptomyces lividans | Actioplanes sp | Stch |
| Streptomyces rubiginosus | Streptomyces sp | Stch | |
| Glucose oxidase | Aspergillus niger | Aspergillus sp | Egg, Bevr, Bake, Sald |
| Hemicellulase | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Bake |
| Lipase, triacylglycerol | Aspergillus niger | Candida sp Rhizomucor sp Humicola sp |
Fats Fats Fats, Bake |
| Maltogenic amylase | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Stch, Bevr, Bake |
| Protease | Aspergillus oryzae | Rhizomucor sp | Cheese |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Meat, Fish, Stch, Bevr, Bake | |
| Bacillus lichenformis | Bacillus sp | Meat, Fish | |
| Pullulanase | Bacillus lichenformis | Bacillus sp | Stch |
| Klebsiella planticola | Klebsiella sp | Stch, Bavr, Bake | |
| Xylanase | Aspergillus niger var. awamori | Aspergillus sp | Bake |
| Aspergillus niger | Aspergillus sp | Stch, Bevr, Bake | |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or subtilis | Bacillus sp | Stch, Bevr, Bake | |
| Bacillus lichenformis | Bacillus sp | Stch | |
| Tricoderma reesei or longibrachiatum | Trichoderma sp | Stch, Bevr, Bake |